воскресенье, 13 марта 2011 г.

Ochakov in Nikolayev region.

Ochakov— city in the Nikolaev area of Ukraine, administrative centre of Ochakovsky area. It is located at coast of Black sea, near to mouth of Dnepr. Seaport on Dneprovsky estuary.

History of Ochakov. Ochakov has been put in 1492 by the Crimean khan Mengli of I Gireem, on place of the Lithuanian fortress Dashev, and originally was called the Penalty-kermen.

In 1493 Bogdan Fedorovich Glinsky at the head of the Cherkassk Cossacks has grasped just building the Crimean Tatars fortress Ochakov.

In 1526 the fortress has taken over osmanli Turks (Silistria) and was called round. Özi (Achi-Kale).

In 1737 the army of the Russian empire has besieged Ochakov, considering it as the main advanced post at northern coast of Black sea. Ochakov was is taken by marshal Hristofor Minihom, but year has been left later and passed Turkey.

The second siege of Ochakov has occurred in 1788 and has been sung in Derzhavin's ode. By then the city garrison totaled 20 thousand soldiers. The fortress was defended by 300 guns. In the western suburbs the lock settled down Gassan-plough (Cape battery).

During two-day battle 17 — on June, 18th, 1788 near Ochakov the ships of Russian flotilla and Suvorov's coastal batteries have been burnt by brandskugel and are sunk 3 64-gun ships, 2 40-gun and 3 32-gun frigates, 5 small courts. 1 ship (renamed in «Leonty the Martyr», it took part in battle at cape Kaliakrija in 1791) is grasped. 1673 persons are taken prisoner. Turks have lost more than 5 thousand persons the killed. Losses of Russian party: 2 officers and 16 bottom ranks are killed, 10 officers and 57 bottom ranks wounded.

After defeat of Turkish squadron not received the support, the fortress besieged and blocked from the sea Ochakov was storm is taken by G.A.Potyomkin's armies.

In 1792 Ochakov became Russian fortress.

In 1855 Ochakov has been grasped by the English-French armies, but then returned Russia.

In Soviet period in city the naval and military helicopter base settled down.

C 1991 — the Ukrainian city, resort and naval base.

Museums. Military-historical museum of name And. V.Suvorov

The museum of name of P.P.Schmidt is destroyed (part of exhibits has been transferred to the former Palace of Pioneers)

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