Ochakov in Nikolayev region.

Ochakov— city in the Nikolaev area of Ukraine, administrative centre of Ochakovsky area. It is located at coast of Black sea, near to mouth of Dnepr. Seaport on Dneprovsky estuary.

History of Ochakov. Ochakov has been put in 1492 by the Crimean khan Mengli of I Gireem, on place of the Lithuanian fortress Dashev, and originally was called the Penalty-kermen.

In 1493 Bogdan Fedorovich Glinsky at the head of the Cherkassk Cossacks has grasped just building the Crimean Tatars fortress Ochakov.

In 1526 the fortress has taken over osmanli Turks (Silistria) and was called round. Özi (Achi-Kale).

In 1737 the army of the Russian empire has besieged Ochakov, considering it as the main advanced post at northern coast of Black sea. Ochakov was is taken by marshal Hristofor Minihom, but year has been left later and passed Turkey.

The second siege of Ochakov has occurred in 1788 and has been sung in Derzhavin's ode. By then the city garrison totaled 20 thousand soldiers. The fortress was defended by 300 guns. In the western suburbs the lock settled down Gassan-plough (Cape battery).

During two-day battle 17 — on June, 18th, 1788 near Ochakov the ships of Russian flotilla and Suvorov's coastal batteries have been burnt by brandskugel and are sunk 3 64-gun ships, 2 40-gun and 3 32-gun frigates, 5 small courts. 1 ship (renamed in «Leonty the Martyr», it took part in battle at cape Kaliakrija in 1791) is grasped. 1673 persons are taken prisoner. Turks have lost more than 5 thousand persons the killed. Losses of Russian party: 2 officers and 16 bottom ranks are killed, 10 officers and 57 bottom ranks wounded.

After defeat of Turkish squadron not received the support, the fortress besieged and blocked from the sea Ochakov was storm is taken by G.A.Potyomkin's armies.

In 1792 Ochakov became Russian fortress.

In 1855 Ochakov has been grasped by the English-French armies, but then returned Russia.

In Soviet period in city the naval and military helicopter base settled down.

C 1991 — the Ukrainian city, resort and naval base.

Museums. Military-historical museum of name And. V.Suvorov

The museum of name of P.P.Schmidt is destroyed (part of exhibits has been transferred to the former Palace of Pioneers)

History of Nikolayev.

Under the decree of prince Grigory Potyomkin in mouth of the river Ingul under the direction of colonel Michael Faleev in 1788 the shipyard round which the city has started to grow has been put.

The city name is known from the warrant № to 1065 Faleev from August, 27th (on September, 7th) 1789: Summer residence by Faber to call Spassky, and Vitovka — Bogojavlensky, new erected shipyard on Ingul— the city of Nikolaev …

The city has received the name in memory gained in 1788 Russian armies to victory — capture of Turkish fortress Ochakov in day of sacred Nikolay, the patron of seamen. The first ship, 46-gun frigate lowered from shipyard in 1790, was as is named by "Sacred Nikolay». The construction beginning in Nikolaev the large sailing military ships was necessary to them and the basic branch of city — shipbuilding is defined.

Nikolaev was under construction according to plan, made by Ivan Starovym — with direct Nikolayev streets and quarters of the correct form.

In 1798 the first educational institution of city – the Black Sea mate school has been based.

Long time the staff of the Black Sea fleet was deployed in Nikolaev. During the Crimean war it became the main rear base. The majority of the enterprises which were created in city, concerned military-industrial complex and in this connection Nikolaev many decades have been closed for visiting by foreigners.

In 1862 in city the commercial port that was an incitement to transformation of Nikolaev Ukraine to the big trading port has been opened. Already in the end of XIX-th century the Nikolaev port took the third place after Petersburg and Odessa on volume of trade with abroad, and on the grain export steppe provinces — the first place in the country were which suppliers. Nikolaev became the big industrial centre in the south of Ukraine.

In 1918 Nikolaev has endured for the first time occupation by foreign armies. In 1920 the Soviet power here has affirmed.

With the Great Patriotic War beginning Nikolaev has been occupied on August, 16th. During occupation in Nikolaev the underground diversionary group «Nikolaev centre» operated. On March, 28th, 1944 the city has been released, in particular, thanks to actions of 68 seamen-commandoes under Konstantin Olshansky's command.

In 1949-1955 in Nikolaev the building of regional committee of the CPSU has been constructed. On area opposite side in Square of commandoes the memorial complex of heroes-commandoes — to Heroes of Soviet Union has been built.

In post-war time Nikolaev became one of the centres of shipbuilding of the USSR. Vessels let out three ship-building factories — the Black Sea ship-building factory, factory of name of 61 Communard and factory "Ocean".

History of Nikolaev

The idea of the city came in 1788, after the December 6 (19 December), on the day of St. Nicholas, the troops of Field Marshal Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov successfully attacked the Turkish fortress Ochakov and captured it.

Nikolayev was founded in 1789 by G. Potemkin on the peninsula at the confluence of Ingul and the Southern Bug as a naval ship and the city. City was built on a specially drawn up the plan - with straight streets and quarters of regular shape. Originally the town was known as Ust-Ingul.

Nikolaev life was completely subordinated to shipbuilding. Almost a hundred years here was the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet.

In 1862 a commercial port was opened, which triggered the transformation of Nikolaev. By the end of the XIX century Nikolaev Port ranked third after St. Petersburg and Odessa on the volume of trade with foreign countries, and exports of grain, which were suppliers of the steppe province - the first in the country.

Nikolayev becomes large industrial center in southern Ukraine.
During the revolution of 1917, Nikolaev received the nickname "Red Peter Ukraine. In 1918, the city survived the first occupation by foreign troops, and in 1920 there was definitely established the Soviet power.

During the Second World War, Nikolaev almost three years was occupied by the Nazis. March 28, 1944 the city was liberated, in particular, through the actions of 68 sailors paratroopers under the command of Konstantin Olshansky. This was the only case in the history of the Great Patriotic War, when all participants in a military operation were awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union, the majority - posthumously.

In 1949-1955 years in Nikolaev was built one of the best architecture of that period - an impressive, almost palace building of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, which successfully entered into a strict silhouette of a naval town on its central square. On the opposite side of the square in the Square of paratroopers was erected memorial heroes airborne - Heroes of the Soviet Union.

In the postwar period was one of the Nikolaev shipbuilding centers of the USSR. Court released three shipbuilding yards of the city - the Black Sea Shipyard, plant named after 61 Communards and the plant "Ocean."

City for a short period of history has evolved from a small shipyard in large industrial, business, political and cultural center of southern Ukraine.