History of Nikolaev

The idea of the city came in 1788, after the December 6 (19 December), on the day of St. Nicholas, the troops of Field Marshal Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov successfully attacked the Turkish fortress Ochakov and captured it.

Nikolayev was founded in 1789 by G. Potemkin on the peninsula at the confluence of Ingul and the Southern Bug as a naval ship and the city. City was built on a specially drawn up the plan - with straight streets and quarters of regular shape. Originally the town was known as Ust-Ingul.

Nikolaev life was completely subordinated to shipbuilding. Almost a hundred years here was the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet.

In 1862 a commercial port was opened, which triggered the transformation of Nikolaev. By the end of the XIX century Nikolaev Port ranked third after St. Petersburg and Odessa on the volume of trade with foreign countries, and exports of grain, which were suppliers of the steppe province - the first in the country.

Nikolayev becomes large industrial center in southern Ukraine.
During the revolution of 1917, Nikolaev received the nickname "Red Peter Ukraine. In 1918, the city survived the first occupation by foreign troops, and in 1920 there was definitely established the Soviet power.

During the Second World War, Nikolaev almost three years was occupied by the Nazis. March 28, 1944 the city was liberated, in particular, through the actions of 68 sailors paratroopers under the command of Konstantin Olshansky. This was the only case in the history of the Great Patriotic War, when all participants in a military operation were awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union, the majority - posthumously.

In 1949-1955 years in Nikolaev was built one of the best architecture of that period - an impressive, almost palace building of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, which successfully entered into a strict silhouette of a naval town on its central square. On the opposite side of the square in the Square of paratroopers was erected memorial heroes airborne - Heroes of the Soviet Union.

In the postwar period was one of the Nikolaev shipbuilding centers of the USSR. Court released three shipbuilding yards of the city - the Black Sea Shipyard, plant named after 61 Communards and the plant "Ocean."

City for a short period of history has evolved from a small shipyard in large industrial, business, political and cultural center of southern Ukraine.